Computer Science/BackEnd
점프 투 장고 #3-3 | 파이보 서비스 개발하기(views.py 분리, 추천, 앵커, 마크다운, 검색, 파이보 추가 기능)
토마토.
2022. 8. 23. 14:41
views.py 파일 분리하기
지금까지는 장고에 페이지가 추가될 때마다 이에 맞는 view 함수를 views.py에 추가해주었다.
views.py에 너무 함수가 많아지면 관리가 어렵기 때문에 views.py 파일을 분리해보자.
views 폴더를 만들어, base_views.py, question_views.py, answer_views.py로 나누어 담는 방식
<base_views.py>
from webbrowser import get
from django.http import HttpResponseNotAllowed
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404, redirect
from ..models import Question, Answer
from django.utils import timezone
from ..forms import QuestionForm, AnswerForm
from django.core.paginator import Paginator
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from django.contrib import messages
# Create your views here.
def index(request):
page = request.GET.get('page','1') # 페이지
question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-create_date')
paginator = Paginator(question_list, 10) # 페이지당 10개씩 보여주기
page_obj = paginator.get_page(page)
context = {'question_list' : page_obj}
return render(request, 'pybo/question_list.html', context)
def detail(request, question_id):
question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
context = {'question': question}
return render(request, 'pybo/question_detail.html', context)
<question_views.py>
from webbrowser import get
from django.http import HttpResponseNotAllowed
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404, redirect
from ..models import Question, Answer
from django.utils import timezone
from ..forms import QuestionForm, AnswerForm
from django.core.paginator import Paginator
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from django.contrib import messages
@login_required(login_url='common:login')
def question_create(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = QuestionForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
question = form.save(commit=False)
question.author = request.user
question.create_date = timezone.now()
question.save()
return redirect('pybo:index')
else:
form = QuestionForm()
context = {'form':form}
return render(request, 'pybo/question_form.html', context)
@login_required(login_url='common:login')
def question_modify(request, question_id):
question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
if request.user != question.author:
messages.error(request, '수정 권한이 없습니다')
return redirect('pybo:detail', question_id=question.id)
if request.method == 'POST':
form = QuestionForm(request.POST, instance=question)
if form.is_valid():
question = form.save(commit=False)
question.modify_date = timezone.now()
question.save()
return redirect('pybo:detail',question_id=question.id)
else:
form = QuestionForm(instance=question)
context = {'form':form}
return render(request, 'pybo/question_form.html', context)
@login_required(login_url='common:login')
def question_delete(request, question_id):
question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
if request.user != question.author:
messages.error(request, '삭제권한이 없습니다')
return redirect('pybo:detail', question_id=question.id)
question.delete()
return redirect('pybo:index')
<answer_views.py>
from webbrowser import get
from django.http import HttpResponseNotAllowed
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404, redirect
from ..models import Question, Answer
from django.utils import timezone
from ..forms import QuestionForm, AnswerForm
from django.core.paginator import Paginator
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from django.contrib import messages
@login_required(login_url='common:login')
def answer_create(request, question_id):
question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
if request.method=="POST":
form = AnswerForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
answer = form.save(commit=False)
answer.author = request.user
answer.create_date = timezone.now()
answer.question = question
answer.save()
return redirect('pybo:detail', question_id=question_id)
else:
return HttpResponseNotAllowed('Only POST is possible.')
context = {'question':question, 'form':form}
return render(request, 'pybo/question_detail.html', context)
@login_required(login_url='common:login')
def answer_modify(request, answer_id):
answer = get_object_or_404(Answer, pk=answer_id)
if request.user != answer.author:
messages.error(request, '수정권한이 없습니다')
return redirect('pybo:detail',question_id=answer.question.id)
if request.method == "POST":
form = AnswerForm(request.POST, instance=answer)
if form.is_valid():
answer = form.save(commit=False)
answer.modify_date = timezone.now()
answer.save()
return redirect('pybo:detail', question_id=answer.question.id)
else:
form = AnswerForm(instance=answer)
context = {'answer':answer, 'form':form}
return render(request, 'pybo/answer_form.html', context)
@login_required(login_url='common:login')
def answer_delete(request, answer_id):
answer = get_object_or_404(Answer, pk=answer_id)
if request.user != answer.author:
messages.error(request, '삭제권한이 없습니다')
else:
answer.delete()
return redirect('pybo:detail', question_id=answer.question.id)
이 파일명에 맞게 urls.py 파일을 수정해준다.
<urls.py>
from django.urls import path
from .views import base_views, question_views, answer_views
app_name = 'pybo'
urlpatterns = [
#base_views.py
path('', base_views.index, name='index'),
path('<int:question_id>/', base_views.detail, name='detail'),
#question_views.py
path('question/create/', question_views.question_create, name='question_create'),
path('question/modify/<int:question_id>/', question_views.question_modify, name='question_modify'),
path('question/delete/<int:question_id>/', question_views.question_delete, name='question_delete'),
#answer_views.py
path('answer/create/<int:question_id>/', answer_views.answer_create, name='answer_create'),
path('answer/modify/<int:answer_id>/', answer_views.answer_modify, name='answer_modify'),
path('answer/delete/<int:answer_id>/', answer_views.answer_delete, name='answer_delete'),
<config/urls.py>
이제 config/urls.py에 있는 index URL 매핑도 base_views를 사용하게 바꿔준다.
추천
질문과 답변에 달 수 있는 좋아요 기능을 추가해보자.
- 모델 변경
<models.py>
voter 항목을 Answer와 Question에 추가해준다.
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
# Create your models here.
class Question(models.Model):
author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='author_question')
subject = models.CharField(max_length=200)
content = models.TextField()
create_date = models.DateTimeField()
modify_date = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)
voter = models.ManyToManyField(User, related_name='voter_question')
def __str__(self):
return self.subject
class Answer(models.Model):
author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='author_answer')
question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
content = models.TextField()
create_date = models.DateTimeField()
modify_date = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)
voter = models.ManyToManyField(User, related_name='voter_answer')이때 처음으로 ManyToManyField를 사용했다.
<makemigrations -> migrate>
$ python manage.py makemigrations
Migrations for 'pybo':
pybo/migrations/0005_answer_voter_question_voter_alter_answer_author_and_more.py
- Add field voter to answer
- Add field voter to question
- Alter field author on answer
- Alter field author on question
$ python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, pybo, sessions
Running migrations:
Applying pybo.0005_answer_voter_question_voter_alter_answer_author_and_more... OK
- 질문 추천
<a href="javascript:void(0)" data-uri="{%url 'pybo:question_vote' question.id %}"
class="recommend btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary">추천
<span class="badge rounded-pill bg-success">{{question.voter.count}}</span>
</a>
같은 파일 아랫단 자바스크립트 코드 파트에 '정말로 추천하시겠습니까' 이벤트를 추가해준다.
const recommend_elements = document.getElementsByClassName("recommend");
Array.from(recommend_elements).forEach(function(element) {
element.addEventListener('click', function() {
if (confirm("정말로 추천하시겠습니까?")){
location.href = this.dataset.uri;
};
});
});
질문 추천 urls.py
이제 pybo:question_vote URL을 추가해주었으므로
URL 매핑 규칙을 추가해주자.
#질문 추천 기능
path('question/vote/<int:question_id>/', question_views.question_vote, name='question_vote'),
]
질문 추천 views.py
@login_required(login_url='common:login')
def question_vote(request, question_id):
question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
if request.user == question.author:
messages.error(request, '본인이 작성한 글은 추천할 수 없습니다.')
else:
question.voter.add(request.user)
return redirect('pybo:detail', question_id=question.id)
- 답변 추천
<question_detail.html>에 답변 추천 버튼을 추가해주자.
<a href="javascript:void(0)" data-uri="{%url 'pybo:answer_vote' answer.id %}"
class="recommend btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary">추천
<span class="badge rounded-pill bg-success">{{answer.voter.count}}</span>
</a>
<urls.py>
답변 추천에 연결한 pybo:answer_vote를 URL 매핑 규칙으로 추가해준다.
path('answer/vote/<int:answer_id>/', answer_views.answer_vote, name='answer_vote')
<views.py>
answer_vote 함수를 answer_views.py에 추가해준다.
@login_required(login_url='common:login')
def answer_vote(request, answer_id):
answer = get_object_or_404(Answer, pk=answer_id)
if request.user == answer.author:
messages.error(request, '본인이 작성한 글은 추천할 수 없습니다')
else:
answer.voter.add(request.user)
return redirect('pybo:detail', question_id=answer.question.id)
앵커
답글을 작성하거나 수정한 뒤에, 스크롤 위치가 위로 올라간다는 문제점이 있다.
이를 해결하기 위해 HTML anchor 태그를 이용한다.
<답변 앵커>
a가 앵커 태그인건가?
<a id="answer_{{answer.id}}"></a>
<답변 redirect>
from webbrowser import get
from django.http import HttpResponseNotAllowed
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404, redirect, resolve_url
from ..models import Question, Answer
from django.utils import timezone
from ..forms import QuestionForm, AnswerForm
from django.core.paginator import Paginator
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from django.contrib import messages
@login_required(login_url='common:login')
def answer_create(request, question_id):
question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
if request.method=="POST":
form = AnswerForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
answer = form.save(commit=False)
answer.author = request.user
answer.create_date = timezone.now()
answer.question = question
answer.save()
return redirect('{}#answer_{}'.format(
resolve_url('pybo:detail', question_id=question.id), answer.id
))
else:
return HttpResponseNotAllowed('Only POST is possible.')
context = {'question':question, 'form':form}
return render(request, 'pybo/question_detail.html', context)
@login_required(login_url='common:login')
def answer_modify(request, answer_id):
answer = get_object_or_404(Answer, pk=answer_id)
if request.user != answer.author:
messages.error(request, '수정권한이 없습니다')
return redirect('pybo:detail',question_id=answer.question.id)
if request.method == "POST":
form = AnswerForm(request.POST, instance=answer)
if form.is_valid():
answer = form.save(commit=False)
answer.modify_date = timezone.now()
answer.save()
return redirect('{}#answer_{}'.format(
resolve_url('pybo:detail', question_id=answer.question.id), answer.id
))
else:
form = AnswerForm(instance=answer)
context = {'answer':answer, 'form':form}
return render(request, 'pybo/answer_form.html', context)
@login_required(login_url='common:login')
def answer_delete(request, answer_id):
answer = get_object_or_404(Answer, pk=answer_id)
if request.user != answer.author:
messages.error(request, '삭제권한이 없습니다')
else:
answer.delete()
return redirect('pybo:detail', question_id=answer.question.id)
@login_required(login_url='common:login')
def answer_vote(request, answer_id):
answer = get_object_or_404(Answer, pk=answer_id)
if request.user == answer.author:
messages.error(request, '본인이 작성한 글은 추천할 수 없습니다')
else:
answer.voter.add(request.user)
return redirect('{}#answer_{}'.format(
resolve_url('pybo:detail', question_id=answer.question.id), answer.id
))
마크다운
마크다운으로 질문을 작성해보자!
<pybo_filter.py>
import markdown
from django import template
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
register = template.Library()
@register.filter
def sub(value, arg):
return value-arg
@register.filter()
def mark(value):
extensions = ["nl2br", "fenced_code"]
return mark_safe(markdown.markdown(value, extensions=extensions))mark 함수는 입력된 문자열을 HTML로 변환해준다.
<마크다운 적용>
<question_detail.html>
<div class="card-text">{{answer.content|mark}}</div>
검색
- 검색 기능
- GET : GET http://localhost:8000/?kw=어쩌구&page=1 처럼 전달된다
- 검색 화면
<div class="row my-3">
<div class="col-6">
<a href="{% url 'pybo:question_create'%}" class="btn btn-primary">질문 등록하기</a>
</div>
<div class="col-6">
<div class="input-group">
<input type="text" id="search_kw" class="form-control" value="{{kw|default_if_none:''}}">
<div class="input-group-append">
<button class="btn btn-outline-secondary" type="button" id="btn_search">찾기</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<form id="searchForm" method="get" action="{%url 'index'%}">
<input type="hidden" id="kw" name="kw" value="{{kw|deafult_if_none:''}}">
<input type="hidden" id="page" name="page" value="{{page}}">
</form>