Django API #4 | Views and Generic Views

Building APIs with Django and Django Rest Framework (readthedocs.org)

 

Views and Generic Views

목표 : APIView, generics.ListCreateAPIView 이용해서 views.py 완성하기

 

Creating Views with APIView

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404

from .models import Poll, Choice
from .serializers import PollSerializer

class PollList(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        polls = Poll.objects.all()[:20]
        data = PollSerializer(polls, many=True).data
        return Response(data)

class PollDetail(APIView):
    def get(self, request, pk):
        poll = get_object_or_404(Poll, pk=pk)
        data = PollSerializer(poll).data
        return Response(data)

APIView를 이용해서 PollList, PollDetail 뷰 클래스를 작성해준다. 

 

from django.urls import path
from .apiviews import PollList, PollDetail

urlpatterns = [
    path("polls/", PollList.as_view(), name="polls_list"), 
    path("polls/<int:pk>/", PollDetail.as_view(), name="polls_detail")
]

이것만으로도 벌써 Get API를 사용할 수 있다. 

 

Using DRF generic views to simplify code

from rest_framework import generics
from .models import Poll, Choice
from .serializers import PollSerializer, ChoiceSerializer, VoteSerializer

class PollList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = Poll.objects.all()
    serialzier_class = PollSerializer
    
class PollDetail(generics.RetrieveDestroyAPIView):
    queryset = Poll.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PollSerializer

코드 재사용성을 높여주는 DRF generic view

이제 Get 뿐만 아니라 Post 기능도 할 수 있다. 

 

More generic views

POST 사용법은 위와 같다. 

from rest_framework import generics
from .models import Poll, Choice
from .serializers import PollSerializer, ChoiceSerializer, VoteSerializer

class PollList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = Poll.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PollSerializer
    
class PollDetail(generics.RetrieveDestroyAPIView):
    queryset = Poll.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PollSerializer

class Choicelist(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = Choice.objects.all()
    serializer_class = ChoiceSerializer
    
class CreateVote(generics.CreateAPIView):
    serializer_class = VoteSerializer

Choice, Vote에 대한 View 클래스도 완성해주었다. 

 

from django.urls import path
from .apiviews import PollList, PollDetail, ChoiceList, CreateVote

urlpatterns = [
    path("polls/", PollList.as_view(), name="polls_list"), 
    path("polls/<int:pk>/", PollDetail.as_view(), name="polls_detail"),
    path("choices/", ChoiceList.as_view(), name="choice_list"),
    path("vote/", CreateVote.as_view(), name="create_vote"),
]

• queryset
• serializer_class
• ListCreateAPIView : GET, POST용도
• RetrieveDestroyAPIView : GET, DELETE용도
• CreateAPIView : POST

Next steps

• simplify API
• URL design